בּ ד יק ת ח מ ץ ע רוּב תּ ב שׁ יל ין. The Seder Plate of the Jewish People. Preparing for Passover

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1 The Seder Plate of the Jewish People The items on the Seder plate represent the different elements of our story on the path to our liberation. The fact that everyone is sitting together to share in the commemoration of Passover is testimony to the survival of the Jewish people despite the many challenges we faced throughout history. Preparing for Passover The evening before Passover, the family takes a candle and searches for any leftover leaven in the house. And because the house is already clean, a few crumbs of bread are put for them to find. Baytzah(Egg) Traditionally meant to mourn the destruction of the Temple, it can also be seen as the rebuilding of our ancestral homeland. Chazeret (Horseradish) Horseradish represents not only the bitter harshness we experienced as slaves in Egypt but our strength to overcome adversity. Zroah (Shankbone) The paschal lamb sacrifice Jews made the night before exiting Egypt also symbolizes G-d's outstretched arm (zroah) of redemption. Search for Leaven Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, who sanctified us with Your commandments and commanded us regarding the elimination of leaven. Let any fermentation or leaven in my possession that I have not noticed and have not eliminated be nullified and become as the dust of the earth. בּ ד יק ת ח מ ץ בּ רוּ ך א תּ ה י י א לה ינו מ ל ך ה עוֹל ם א שׁ ר ק דּ שׁ נוּ בּ מ צ וֹת יו ו צ וּ נוּ ע ל בּ עוּר ח מ ץ. כּ ל ח מ יר א ו ח מ יע א דּ א כּ א ב ר שׁוּ ת י דּ ל א ח מ תּ הּ וּד ל א ב ע ר תּ הּ וּד ל א י ד ע נ א ל הּ ל בּ ט ל ו ל ה ו י ה פ ק ר כּ ע פ ר א ד א ר ע א. The crumbs are burned the following morning and a prayer is said that asks that if there is any leaven left in the house, it should not count. Elimination of Leaven Let any fermentation or leaven in my possession, whether or not I have noticed it and whether or not I have eliminated it, be nullified and become as the dust of the earth. בּ עוּר ח מ ץ כּ ל ח מ יר א ו ח מ יע א דּ א כּ א ב ר שׁוּת י דּ ח ז תּ הּ וּדּ ל א ח ז תּ הּ, דּ ח מ תּ הּ וּדּ ל א ח מ תּ הּ, דּ ב ע ר תּ הּ וּד ל א ב ע ר תּ הּ, ל בּ ט ל ו ל ה ו י ה פ ק ר כּ ע פ ר א ד א ר ע א. Charoset (Apple, Wine, and Nuts) Charoset comes from the Hebrew word for clay (cheres) and symbolizes the mortar to build Pharaoh s cities and can also be viewed as the mortar to build up the Land of Israel. Maror (Bitter Herbs) Represents the ongoing bitterness of repeated suffering, persecution, expulsion, and genocide. Karpas (Vegetable) This fresh, raw, green vegetable symbolizing spring is dipped into salt water, signifying tears of sorrow. The same salt water can also be a symbol for tears of happiness for our liberation. Mingling of Foods Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with your commandments and commanded us regarding the commandment of mingling. By means of this mingling, let it be permissible for us to bake, cook, insulate hot foods, transfer fire, and tend to all our needs during the festival for the Sabbath for us and for all who reside in this city. ע רוּב תּ ב שׁ יל ין בּ רוּ ך א תּ ה י י א לה ינוּ מ ל ך ה עוֹל ם, א שׁ ר ק דּ שׁ נוּ בּ מ צ וֹת יו, ו צ וּ נוּ ע ל מ צ ו ת ע רוּב. בּ ה ד י ן ע רוּב א י ה א שׁ ר א ל נ א ל א פוּי י וּל ב שּׁוּל י וּל א ט מוּנ י וּל א ד לוּק י שׁ ר ג א וּל ת קּ נ א וּל מ ע בּ ד כּ ל צ ר כ נ א, מ יּוֹמ א ט ב א ל שׁ בּ תּ א ]ל נוּ וּל כ ל י שׂ ר א ל ה דּ ר ים בּ ע יר ה זּ את[. 7 6

2 How is this night different from all other nights? On all other nights, we eat both leavened bread and matzah. On this night, we eat only matzah. On all other nights, we eat all kinds of herbs. On this night, we eat bitter herbs. On all other nights, we do not dip our food even once. On this night, we dip twice. On all other nights, we eat either sitting or reclining. On this night, we all recline. This is the bread of poverty that our ancestors ate in the land of Egypt. Let all who are hungry come and eat! Let all who are needy come and celebrate Passover with us! Now, we are here; next year, may we be in the Land of Israel. Now, we are slaves; next year, may we be free. מ ג י ד Maggid Discussing the Exodus and Remembering Our People's Journey Ha Lachma Anya Uncover the remaining two-and-a-half matzot, lift the Seder plate, and recite: ה א ל ח מ א ע נ י א ד י א כ ל ו א ב ה ת נ א ב א ר ע א ד מ צ ר י ם. כ ל ד כ פ ין י ית י ו י כ ל. כ ל ד צ ר י ך י ית י ו י פ ס ח. ה ש ת א ה כ א. ל ש נ ה ה ב א ה ב א ר ע א ד י ש ר א ל. ה ש ת א ע ב ד י. ל ש נ ה ה ב א ה ב נ י ח ור ין Mah Nishtana מ ה נ ש ת נ ה The youngest person present, who is able, recites: מ ה נ ש ת נ ה ה ל י ל ה ה ז ה מ כ ל ה ל יל ות? ש ב כ ל ה ל יל ות א נ ו א וכ ל ין ח מ ץ ומ צ ה. ה ל י ל ה ה ז ה כ ל ו מ צ ה. ש ב כ ל ה ל יל ות א נ ו א וכ ל ין ש א ר י ר ק ות ה ל י ל ה ה ז ה מ ר ור. ש ב כ ל ה ל יל ות א ין א נ ו מ ט ב יל ין א פ יל ו פ ע ם א ח ת. ה ל י ל ה ה ז ה ש ת י פ ע מ ים. ש ב כ ל ה ל יל ות א נ ו א וכ ל ין ב ין י וש ב ין וב ין מ ס ב ין. ה ל י ל ה ה ז ה כ ל נ ו מ ס ב ין. Mah nish-ta-na ha-lai-lah ha-zeh mikol ha-lei-lot? Sheb'chol ha-lei-lot anu och'lin cha-meitz u-matzah. Ha-lai-lah hazeh kulo matzah. Sheb'chol ha-lei-lot anu och'lin sh'ar y'rakot. Ha-lai-lah hazeh maror. Sheb'chol ha-lei-lot ein anu mat-beelin afee-lu pa-am echat. Ha-lai-lah hazeh sh'tei p'ameem. Sheb'chol ha-lei-lot anu och-leen bein yo-shveen u-vein m su-been. Ha-lai-lah hazeh kulanu m su-been. Zionism: Freedom and Rebirth Zion is an age-old name for Jerusalem and the Land of Israel. Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people who sought to restore their freedom and independence in their ancestral homeland. Theodor Herzl founded the modern Zionist movement in 1897, but the dream of restoration and return had always been at the core of Judaism and Jewish identity. Jews always returned when they could and once again became and remained the majority in Jerusalem in the mid-1800s. 1 1 Sir Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem: A Tale of One City, The New Republic, Nov. 14, 1994, Dore Gold, The Fight for Jerusalem, p

3 After The Exodus From Egypt: The Struggle for Freedom in Israel BCE Jews return and rebuild the Second Temple following the Persian defeat of the Babylonians. Pictured is the Second Temple as enlarged by King Herod in the first century BCE. Jews Return This time, however, we did not assimilate and disappear into history. With the fall of Babylon to the Persians, we returned in 539 BCE, rebuilt the temple in Jerusalem, and reestablished an independent Jewish homeland. Sovereignty was again lost in 332 BCE when Alexander the Great invaded and made Judea part of his Hellenistic empire. Then, in 167 BCE, the Jews rose up and defeated the Syrian-Greek Seleucid Empire. We remember this victory as the holiday of Hanukkah. The Roman Occupation In 63 BCE, Roman general Pompey the Great laid siege to Jerusalem and the temple until the Jews surrendered. Judea became a territory of Rome. Over time the Roman occupation grew more oppressive, and 130 years later, in 67 CE, the Jews rebelled in what historians call the Great Jewish Revolt. The might of the Roman Empire s armies proved to be too great, however: they destroyed the temple, burned Jerusalem to the ground, killed scores of thousands of Jews, and enslaved a hundred thousand more. To commemorate this victory over the Jews, Emperor Vespasian ordered the minting of coins with the Latin words Iudea Capta (or Judea is captured). Passover is known by a variety of names, one of which is Z man Heruteynu, the Festival of Freedom. The Book of Exodus tells of the beginnings of the Jewish people, who overcame oppression, with the help of G-d, and sought to be a free people in their own country, the Land of Israel. Ancient Israel In ancient times, our people exercised independence under a series of judges and then kings. The first king was Saul in the late 11th century BCE. David followed and made Jerusalem the capital of ancient Israel. His son, Solomon, built the First Temple in Jerusalem. After Solomon, the kingdom split in 931 BCE into the northern and southern kingdoms of Israel and Judea, respectively. Each was ruled by a succession of kings. A 2,700-year-old artifact containing ancient Hebrew lettering. In Israel today the same language, Hebrew, is spoken. Jews in Exile When the Assyrian Empire invaded the northern kingdom in 740 BCE, the ten northern tribes of Israel were forced into exile, where they assimilated and were lost to the Jewish people. The southern Kingdom of Judea continued to flourish until 586 BCE when the Babylonian Empire invaded, destroyed Solomon s Temple, and took the Jews into captivity. There, an exile wrote, By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat and wept when we remembered Zion. If I forget you, O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget [wither], may my tongue cling to my palate, if I do not remember you, if I do not raise Jerusalem to my highest joy (Psalm 137). David, King of Israel, battles the Philistines, arch enemies of the Israelites

4 1 Slavery of the Jews in Egypt BCE 2 Assyrian Siege of the northern Kingdom of Israel. 722 BCE 3 Destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonians. 586 BCE Continued on page 32 8 Crusaders plunder Jerusalem, massacring Jews along the way CE In Every Generation, Our Enemies Rise Up To Destroy Us. Our homeland was conquered by a series of aggressive foreign empires. While some of our people stayed in the land, most scattered across Europe and the Middle East. Although we flourished at times, for 1,900 years we lived as an oppressed minority, suffering persecution, expulsion, and ultimately genocide. 4 Failed genocidal edict against the Jews by the Persian Empire, commemorated annually on the holiday of Purim. 460 BCE 6 Destruction of Second Temple by the Romans. 70 CE 7 5 Greeks wage war against the Jews. Miracle of Hanukkah. 166 BCE Muslim forces conquer Israel. Jews live as second-class citizens CE 30

5 lead in organizing our black brothers for union membership. In the climactic civil rights drives of the 1950s and 1960s, Jewish participation was overwhelming. Jewish participation in the civil rights movement far transcended institutional associations. One black leader in Mississippi estimated that, in the 1960s, the critical decade of the voter registration drives, as many as 90 percent of the civil rights lawyers in Mississippi were Jewish. Jews similarly made up at least 30 percent of the white volunteers who rode freedom buses to the South, registered blacks, and picketed segregated establishments. Among them were several dozen rabbis who marched among the demonstrators in Selma and Birmingham. A number were arrested. One of the demonstrating rabbis, Arthur Lelyveld, was severely beaten in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and Dr. Edward Sachar volunteered his medical services to the freedom marchers and nearly lost his life as his automobile was forced off a Mississippi back road. Two young New Yorkers, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, served in 1964 as voting-registration volunteers in Meridian, Mississippi. One of their coworkers was a young black Mississippian, James Chaney. Together they were murdered by Klansmen, their bodies dumped in a secret grave. As much as any single factor, it was the nationwide attention given the discovery of their corpses that accelerated passage of the Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel marching for civil rights with Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Voting Rights Act of The Jews had long since achieved their own political and economic breakthrough. Rarely had any community gone to such lengths to share its painfully achieved status with others. Jews have since become an empowered community in Israel, the United States, and elsewhere. And yet, our history of suffering and overcoming oppression continues to inspire many of us to work with other communities that are experiencing struggles of their own. The whole world must see that Israel must exist and has the right to exist, and is one of the great outposts of democracy in the world. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. The Oppression Of African Americans And Jews: Shared Experiences Since the time of slavery, African Americans saw similarities between their situation in the South and that of the Jewish people in Egypt. They saw in the Jewish liberation from slavery a hope for their freedom and deliverance. Rev. Yolanda Y. Smith, an ordained Baptist minister and a research scholar in Christian education at Yale Divinity School, is the author of Reclaiming the Spirituals: New Possibilities for African American Christian Education and has written on how the Book of Exodus held a special meaning to enslaved African Americans: Identifying closely with the children of Israel and the Exodus story, the [African- American] slaves embraced a vision of G-d as the deliverer of the oppressed. The slaves believed and affirmed in song that they were valued in the eyes of G-d and that one day they too would experience deliverance from their bondage. This understanding of the Bible sparked a sense of self-worth within the enslaved community and inspired their resistance to bondage and efforts toward freedom. Martin Luther King, Jr., in his last speech on April 3, 1968 the night before his assassination in Memphis, Tennessee, invoked the image of Moses, the leader of the freed Hebrew slaves: I just want to do G-d s will. And He s allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I ve looked over. And I ve seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. So I m happy, tonight. I m not worried about anything. I m not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. This is a direct reference to D varim (Deuteronomy) 34:1-4. Historian Howard Sachar wrote, Nowhere did Jews identify themselves more forthrightly with the liberal avant-garde than in the civil rights movement of the 1960s. American Jews: were the earliest supporters of the fledgling National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In 1914, Joel Spingarn became chairman of the NAACP and recruited for its board such Jewish leaders as Jacob Schiff, Jacob Billikopf, and Rabbi Stephen Wise. Jews were also the earliest supporters of the Urban League who helped newly arrived black migrants from the rural South. The International Ladies Garment Workers Union and the Amalgamated Clothing Workers took the 35 34

6 These are the 10 plagues that the Holy One, Blessed be He, brought against the Egyptians in Egypt, and they are as follows: And with an outstretched arm : This refers to the sword, as scripture relates: When G-d was about to send a plague against Jerusalem, an angel stood between earth and heaven, and his sword was unsheathed in his hand, stretched out against Jerusalem. וב ז ר ע נ ט וי ה ז ו ה ח ר ב. כ מ ה ש נ א מ ר ו ח ר ב ו ש ל ופ ה ב י ד ו נ ט וי ה ע ל יר וש ל י ם. א ל ו ע ש ר מ כ ות ש ה ב יא ה ק ד וש ב ר ו ך ה וא ע ל ה מ צ ר י ם ב מ צ ר י ם ו א ל ו ה ן: We remove one drop of wine, by dipping our finger into the cup, for each of the Ten Plagues, to remember the suffering of the Egyptians. Blood Frogs Lice Wild beasts Disease of livestock Boils Hail Locusts Darkness Death of the firstborn With great fearsomeness : This refers to the revelation of the divine presence, as scripture relates: Has any god endeavored to take a nation for himself from within the midst of another nation, with trials, with signs and wonders, with war, with a strong hand and an outstretched arm, and with displays of great fearsomeness, like all that Hashem, your G-d, did for you in Egypt before your eyes? And with signs : This refers to Moses staff, as scripture relates: G-d said to Moses, Take this staff, with which you shall perform the signs. And with wonders : This refers to the plague of blood, as scripture relates: I will put wonders in the heavens and the earth: Blood and fire and pillars of smoke. Another interpretation: With a strong hand : Two plagues. And with an outstretched arm : Two plagues. And with great fearsomeness : Two plagues. And with signs : Two plagues. And with wonders : Two plagues. וב מ ר א ג ד ל ז ו ג ל וי ש כ ינ ה. כ מ ה ש נ א מ ר א ו ה נ ס ה א לה ים ל ב וא ל ק ח ת ל ו ג וי מ ק ר ב ג וי ב מ ס ת ב א ת ת וב מ ופ ת ים וב מ ל ח מ ה וב י ד ח ז ק ה וב ז ר וע נ ט וי ה וב מ ור א ים ג ד ל ים כ כ ל א ש ר ע ש ה ל כ ם י הו ה א לה יכ ם ב מ צ ר י ם ל ע ינ י ך. וב א ת ות. ז ה ה מ ט ה. כ מ ה ש נ א מ ר ו א ת ה מ ט ה ה ז ה ת ק ח ב י ד ך א ש ר ת ע ש ה ב ו א ת ה א ת ת. ו ב מ פ ת י ם ז ה ה ד ם. כ מ ה ש נ א מ ר ו נ ת ת י מ ופ ת ים ב ש מ י ם וב א ר ץ: ד ם ו א ש ו ת ימ ר ות ע ש ן. ד ב ר א ח ר. ב י ד ח ז ק ה ש ת י ם. וב ז ר ע נ ט וי ה ש ת י ם. וב מ ר א ג ד ל ש ת י ם. וב א ת ות ש ת י ם. וב מ פ ת ים ש ת י ם ד ם צ פ ר ד ע כ נ ים ע ר וב ד ב ר ש ח ין ב ר ד א ר ב ה ח ש ך מ כ ת ב כ ור ות Dahm Tze-far-day-ah Ki-nim Ah-rov Deh-ver Sh'cheen Bah-rad Ar-beh Cho-shech Ma-kat Be-cho-rot. Dahm, V'aish, V'tim-rot a-shan 41 40

7 ד י נ ו Dayenu See transliteration on pages 46 and 47. Look how many good deeds G-d, who is everywhere, has done for us! כ מ ה מ ע ל ות ט וב ות ל מ ק ום ע ל ינ ו. If He had brought us out of Egypt but had not executed judgments against the Egyptians, It would have been enough for us! If He had executed judgments against the Egyptians but had not acted against their gods, It would have been enough for us! If He had acted against their gods, but had not killed their firstborn, It would have been enough for us! א ל ו ה וצ יא נ ו מ מ צ ר י ם ו ל א ע ש ה ב ה ם ש פ ט ים א ל ו ע ש ה ב ה ם ש פ ט ים. ו ל א ע ש ה ב א לה יה ם א ל ו ע ש ה ב א לה יה ם ו ל א ה ר ג ב כ ור יה ם If He had brought us through it on dry land, but had not drowned our oppressors within it, It would have been enough for us! If He had drowned our oppressors within it, but had not satisfied our needs in the wilderness for forty years, It would have been enough for us! If He had satisfied our needs in the wilderness for forty years, but had not fed us the manna, It would have been enough for us! If He had killed their firstborn, but had not given us their wealth, It would have been enough for us! If He had given us their wealth, but had not split the sea for us, It would have been enough for us! If He had split the sea for us, but had not brought us through it on dry land, It would have been enough for us! א ל ו ה ר ג ב כ ור יה ם ו ל א נ ת ן ל נ ו א ת מ מ ונ ם א ל ו נ ת ן ל נ ו א ת מ מ ונ ם. ו ל א ק ר ע ל נ ו א ת ה י ם א ל ו ק ר ע ל נ ו א ת ה י ם ו ל א ה ע ב יר נ ו ב ת וכ ו ב ח ר ב ה א ל ו ה ע ב יר נ ו ב ת וכ ו ב ח ר ב ה ו ל א ש ק ע צ ר ינ ו ב ת וכ ו א ל ו ש ק ע צ ר ינ ו ב ת וכ ו ו ל א ס פ ק צ ר כ נ ו ב מ ד ב ר א ר ב ע ים ש נ ה א ל ו ס פ ק צ ר כ נ ו ב מ ד ב ר א ר ב ע ים ש נ ה ו ל א ה א כ יל נ ו א ת ה מ ן 45 44

8 Jews Connecting Through The Centuries Jews are one of the few ancient peoples who have survived into modern times. Judaism is among the world s oldest living religions. Sixth-century mosaic depicting King David playing the lyre, found in the ancient synagogue of Gaza. Israel Museum Jewish family celebrates a traditional Sabbath meal. Jewish civilization was already over 1,000 years old when the Romans conquered Judea, but the Jews safeguarded their unique heritage for the next two millennia. No matter how far they wandered, how much they adapted to their host societies, or how much they were persecuted, Jews maintained their identity. The Jews, who emerged as a people over 3,500 years ago, created the religion of Judaism, and its sacred books have bound them together for millennia. Whether they are religious or secular, Jews are connected by the ethics and values that Judaism teaches. Parents have passed the tradition to their children, who passed it on to their own children, and so it has continued for thousands of years. Jewish life centers around home and family. Jewish tradition sanctifies family relationships. Parents devotion and sense of responsibility for passing on Jewish identity have bound generations to the past while linking them to the future. Jews have always identified with Zion, the Jewish homeland. It is at the core of Jewish history, religious texts, and identity. Many consider title to the land to be at the heart of the promise between G-d and the Jewish people in the Torah, which dates back thousands of years. The Hebrew language, the Torah, the laws in the Talmud, the Jewish calendar, and Jewish holidays and festivals all originated in ancient Israel and revolve around its seasons, way of life, and history. Zion and Jerusalem are mentioned 809 times in the Hebrew Bible. When Israel was reestablished in 1948, Jews everywhere came to embrace Israel and once again recognize it as the center of Jewish life and continuity. In every generation one must view themselves as though he/she had personally left Egypt, as scripture instructs: And you shall say to your child on that day, This is because of what Hashem did for me when I left Egypt. It was not only our ancestors that the Holy One, Blessed Be He, redeemed. Rather, even we were redeemed with them, as scripture says: And he brought us out of there in order to bring us to and give us the land that he promised to our ancestors. Therefore, we are obligated to thank, praise, extol, honor, exalt, glorify, bless, laud, and worship the One who performed all these miracles for our ancestors and for us. He brought us out of slavery to freedom, from anguish to joy, from mourning to festivity, from darkness to great light, and from subjugation to redemption. We shall therefore sing before Him, Halleluyah! We have no oil, no water, but look at what Israel has accomplished. If this would have happened in the time of the Bible, it would have been included as one of the great miracles. Shimon Peres, Former Israeli Prime Minister ב כ ל ד ור ו ד ור ח י ב א ד ם ל ר א ות א ת ע צ מ ו כ א ל ו ה וא י צ א מ מ צ ר י ם.ש נ א מ ר ו ה ג ד ת ל ב נ ך ב י ום ה ה וא ל אמ ר ב ע ב ור ז ה ע ש ה י הו ה ל י ב צ את י מ מ צ ר י ם ל א א ת א ב ות ינ ו ב ל ב ד ג א ל ה ק ד וש ב ר ו ך ה וא. א ל א א ף א ות נ ו ג א ל ע מ ה ם. ש נ א מ ר ו א ות נ ו ה וצ יא מ ש ם ל מ ע ן ה ב יא א ת נ ו ל ת ת ל נ ו א ת ה א ר ץ א ש ר נ ש ב ע ל א ב ת ינ ו. ל פ יכ ך א נ ח נ ו ח י ב ים ל ה וד ות ל ה ל ל ל ש ב ח ל פ א ר ל ר ומ ם ל ה ד ר ל ב ר ך ל ע ל ה ול ק ל ס ל מ י ש ע ש ה ל א ב ות ינ ו ו ל נ ו א ת כ ל ה נ ס ים ה א ל ה ה וצ יא נ ו מ ע ב ד ות ל ח ר ות. מ י ג ון ל ש מ ח ה. מ א ב ל ל י ום ט וב. ומ א פ ל ה ל א ור ג ד ול. ומ ש ע ב וד ל ג א ל ה. ו נ אמ ר ל פ נ יו, ה ל ל וי ה! 51 50

9 Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, who sanctified us with Your commandments and commanded us regarding the eating of bitter herbs. Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, who sanctified us with Your commandments and commanded us regarding hand-washing. ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם א ש ר ק ד ש נ ו ב מ צ ות יו ו צ ו נ ו ע ל נ ט יל ת י ד י ם ר ח צ ה ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם א ש ר ק ד ש נ ו ב מ צ ות יו ו צ ו נ ו ע ל א כ יל ת מ ר ור Maror מ ר ור Eating the Bitter Herbs Take a kezayit (olive)-sized portion of bitter herb, roll it around some charoset, and recite the following blessing. Eat the bitter herbs without leaning to the left. Rachtza Washing Hands Before the Meal Wash hands with a blessing. Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, a-sher kid'sha-nu b'mitz-vo-tav v'tzi-va-nu al neh-tee-lat ya-da-yim: Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, a-sher kid'sha-nu b'mitz-vo-tav v'tzi-va-nu al achi-lat ma-rohr: In memory of the temple, in accordance with the custom of Hillel: This is what Hillel used to do when the temple stood: He would make a sandwich of the Passover sacrifice, the matzah, and the bitter herbs and eat them together in order to fulfill literally that which is written in scripture: They shall eat the Passover offering with matzah and maror. Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, who brings bread from the earth. Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, who sanctified us with Your commandments and commanded us regarding the eating of matzah. ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם ה מ וצ יא ל ח ם מ ן ה א ר ץ. ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם א ש ר ק ד ש נ ו ב מ צ ות יו ו צ ו נ ו ע ל א כ יל ת מ צ ה מ וצ יא מ צ ה ז כ ר ל מ ק ד ש כ ה ל ל כ ן ע ש ה ה ל ל ב ז מ ן ש ב ית ה מ ק ד ש ק י ם. ה י ה כ ור ך )פ ס ח( מ צ ה ומ ר ור ו א וכ ל ב י ח ד. ל ק י ם מ ה ש נ א מ ר ע ל מ צ ות ומ ר ר ים י אכ ל ה ו. Koreych כ ור ך Eating the Hillel Sandwich Take a kezayit (olive)-sized portion of the third (bottom) matzah and a kezayit-sized portion of maror, and make a sandwich. Eat the sandwich while leaning to the left after reciting the following: Motzi Matzah Eating the Matzah Take the three matzot, holding the broken one between the two whole ones, and hold them while reciting the following two blessings. Have in mind that the hamotzi blessing refers to the top matzah and the al achilat matzah blessing refers to the broken one. After reciting the two blessings, take a kezayit (olive)-sized piece of the top matzah and a kezayit -sized piece of the middle matzah, dip them in salt, and eat both pieces together. If you can t fit both in your mouth, eat the one from the top matzah first and the one from the broken matzah second. Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, ha-mo-tzee le-chem min ha'aretz. Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, a-sher kid'sha-nu b'mitzvo-tav 57 v'tzi-va-nu al achi-lat mah-tzah: 56

10 ש ל ח ן ע ור ך ב ר ך Bareych Blessing After the Meal After eating the afikoman, fill the third cup and use it to recite the blessing after meals. A song of ascents: When Hashem returned the remnant of Zion, we were like dreamers. At that time, our mouths were filled with laughter and cries of joy were on our tongues. The nations said: Hashem did great things for these! Hashem did great things for us, and we were happy. Return, Hashem, our remnant like springs in the Negev. Those who plant in tears will reap in joy. The one who carries the trail of seed goes weeping, but the one who carries his bundle of grain returns in joy. If three or more have eaten together, a zimun is recited, as follows: The leader raises the cup and says: ש יר ה מ ע ל ות: ב ש וב יהוה א ת ש יב ת צ י ון ה י ינ ו כ ח ל מ ים א ז י מ ל א ש ח וק פ ינ ו ול ש ונ נ ו ר נ ה; א ז י אמ ר ו ב ג וי ם ה ג ד יל יהוה ל ע ש ות ע ם א ל ה ה ג ד יל יהוה ל ע ש ות ע מ נ ו ה י ינ ו ש מ ח ים: ש וב ה יהוה א ת ש ב ית נ ו כ א פ יק ים ב נ ג ב ה ז ר ע ים ב ד מ ע ה ב ר נ ה י ק צ ר ו: ה ל ו ך י ל ך וב כ ה נ ש א מ ש ך ה ז ר ע; ב א י ב א ב ר נ ה נ ש א א ל מ ת יו. ) ת ה ל ים קכו( A summary of every Jewish holiday: They tried to kill us, we won, let's eat! Alan King, Comedian The only thing chicken about Israel is their soup. Bob Hope, Comedian Shulchan Oraych Eating the Festive Meal My friends! Let us recite the blessing. (All) May the name of Hashem be blessed forever and ever! (Leader repeats) May the name of Hashem be blessed forever and ever! Tzafoon צ פ ון ח ב ר י נ ב ר ך! י ה י ש ם י י מ ב ור ך מ ע ת ה ו ע ד ע ול ם י ה י ש ם י י מ ב ור ך מ ע ת ה ו ע ד ע ול ם Eating the Afikoman After the completion of the meal, the guests search for the afikoman. The guest who finds it is usually rewarded with a gift from the host. The afikoman is divided among the guests and eaten

11 Third Cup Drink the third cup of wine while leaning to the left. May the Merciful One grant us a day that is fully good. May the Merciful One find us worthy of the coming of the messiah and life in the World to Come. He brings salvation to his king and acts kindly to his anointed one, to David and to his descendants forever. May the One who creates peace in His heavens create peace among us and all Israel. And let us say Amen. ה ר ח מ ן ה וא י נ ח יל נ ו י ום ש כ ל ו ט וב ה ר ח מ ן ה וא י ז כ נ ו ל י מ ות ה מ ש יח ול ח י י ה ע ול ם ה ב א מ ג ד ל י ש וע ות מ ל כ ו ו ע ש ה ח ס ד ל מ ש יח ו ל ד ו ד ול ז ר ע ו ע ד ע ול ם ע ש ה ש ל ום ב מ ר ומ יו ה וא י ע ש ה ש ל ום ע ל ינ ו ו ע ל כ ל י ש ר א ל ו א מ ר ו א מ ן ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם ב ור א פ ר י ה ג פ ן Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, creator of the fruit of the vine. Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, bo-rei p'ree ha-ga-fen: Elijah s Cup Fill the fourth cup with wine. We also fill a large cup with wine and open the door to welcome Prophet Elijah, the herald of the Redemption, into your home. Pour out Your wrath upon the nations who do not know you and upon the kingdoms that have not called Your name, for they have devoured Jacob and laid waste his habitations. Pour out your rage upon them, and let your anger overtake them. Pursue them in anger and destroy them from under the heavens of Hashem. Fear Hashem, His holy ones, for those who fear Him lack nothing. Lions roar and yet go hungry, but those who seek Hashem lack nothing good. Praise Hashem, for He is good, for His kindness endures forever. Open Your hand to every living thing in favor. I was young and now I am old, yet I have not seen a righteous person abandoned and his children in need of food. May Hashem give strength to His people. May Hashem bless His people forever. י רא ו א ת י הו ה ק ד ש יו כ י א ין מ ח ס ור ל יר א יו כ פ יר ים ר ש ו ו ר ע ב ו ו ד ר ש י י הו ה ל א י ח ס ר ו כ ל ט וב ה וד ו ל יהו ה כ י ט וב כ י ל ע ול ם ח ס ד ו פ ות ח א ת י ד ך ומ ש ב יע ל כ ל ח י ר צ ון ב ר ו ך ה ג ב ר א ש ר י ב ט ח ב יהו ה ו ה י ה י הו ה מ ב ט ח ו נ ע ר ה י ית י ג ם ז ק נ ת י ו ל א ר א ית י צ ד יק נ ע ז ב ו ז ר ע ו מ ב ק ש ל ח ם י הו ה ע ז ל ע מ ו י ת ן י הו ה י ב ר ך א ת ע מ ו ב ש ל ום. ש פ ך ח מ ת ך א ל ה ג וי ם א ש ר ל א י ד ע ו ך ו ע ל מ מ ל כ ות א ש ר ב ש מ ך ל א ק ר א ו כ י א כ ל א ת י ע ק ב ו א ת נ ו ה ו ה ש מ ו ש פ ך ע ל יה ם ז ע מ ך ו ח ר ון א פ ך י ש יג ם ת ר ד ף ב א ף ו ת ש מ יד ם מ ת ח ת ש מ י י הו ה. א ל י ה ו ה נ ב יא, א ל י ה ו ה ת ש ב י, א ל י ה ו ה ג ל ע ד י, ב מ ה ר ה י ב וא א ל ינ ו ע ם מ ש יח ב ן ד ו ד. Elijah the Prophet, Elijah the Tishbite, Elijah the Giladite, May he soon come to us, with Mashiach the son of David. Eli-ya-hu Ha-na-vie, Eli-ya-hu Ha-tish-bi, Eli-ya-hu Ha-gi-la-di, Bim-hey-rah Ya-vo Ey-ley-nu im Ma-shi-ach Ben Da-vid

12 וב מ ק ה ל ות ר ב ב ות ע מ ך ב ית י ש ר א ל ב ר נ ה י ת פ א ר ש מ ך מ ל כ נ ו ב כ ל ד ור ו ד ור ש כ ן ח וב ת כ ל ה י צ ור ים ל פ נ י ך י י א לה ינ ו ו א לה י א ב ות ינ ו ל ה וד ות ל ה ל ל ל ש ב ח ל פ א ר ל ר ומ ם ל ה ד ר ל ב ר ך ל ע ל ה ול ק ל ס ע ל כ ל ד ב ר י ש יר ות ו ת ש ב ח ות ד ו ד ב ן י ש י ע ב ד ך מ ש יח ך י ש ת ב ח ש מ ך ל ע ד מ ל כ נ ו ה א ל ה מ ל ך ה ג ד ול ו ה ק ד וש ב ש מ י ם וב א ר ץ כ י ל ך נ א ה י י א לה ינ ו ו א לה י א ב ות ינ ו ש יר וש ב ח ה ה ל ל ו ז מ ר ה ע ז ומ מ ש ל ה נ צ ח ג ד ל ה וג ב ור ה ת ה ל ה ו ת פ א ר ת ק ד ש ה ומ ל כ ות ב ר כ ות ו ה וד א ות מ ע ת ה ו ע ד ע ול ם ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א ל מ ל ך ג ד ול ב ת ש ב ח ות א ל ה ה וד א ות א ד ון ה נ פ ל א ות ה ב וח ר ב ש יר י ז מ ר ה מ ל ך א ל ח י ה ע ול מ ים ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם ע ל ה ג פ ן ו ע ל פ ר י ה ג פ ן ו ע ל ת נ וב ת ה ש ד ה ו ע ל א ר ץ ח מ ד ה ט וב ה ור ח ב ה ש ר צ ית ו ה נ ח ל ת ל א ב ות ינ ו ל א כ ול מ פ ר י ה ו ל ש ב וע מ ט וב ה. ר ח ם י י א לה ינ ו ע ל י ש ר א ל ע מ ך. ו ע ל י ר וש ל י ם ע יר ך. ו ע ל צ י ון מ ש כ ן כ ב וד ך. ו ע ל מ ז ב ח ך. ו ע ל ה יכ ל ך. וב נ ה י ר וש ל י ם ע יר ה ק ד ש ב מ ה ר ה ב י מ ינ ו. ו ה ע ל נ ו ל ת וכ ה. ו ש מ ח נ ו ב ה. ו נ אכ ל מ פ ר י ה. ו נ ש ב ע מ ט וב ה. ונ ב ר כ ך ע ל יה ב ק ד ש ה ו ב ט ה ר ה ) ור צ ה ו ה ח ל יצ נ ו ב י ום ה ש ב ת ה ז ה( ו ש מ ח נ ו ב י ום ח ג ה מ צ ות ה ז ה. כ י א ת ה י י ט וב ומ ט יב ל כ ל. ו נ וד ה ל ך ע ל ה א ר ץ ו ע ל פ ר י ה ג פ ן. ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י ע ל ה א ר ץ ו ע ל פ ר י ה ג פ ן We say the After Blessing for the fourth cup of wine. Blessed are You, Hashem our G-d, King of the universe, for the vine and for the fruit of the vine, for the produce of the field, and for the beloved, good, and broad land that you desired and bequeathed to our ancestors so that they could eat of its fruit and be sated with its goodness. Have mercy, Hashem our G-d, on Your people, Israel, on Your city, Jerusalem, on Zion, the dwellingplace of Your Glory, on Your altar, and on Your temple. Rebuild the holy city of Jerusalem speedily in our days, bring us to it, and let us rejoice in it. Then we will eat of its fruit and be sated with its goodness, and we will bless You for it in holiness and purity. May it be your will to strengthen us on this Sabbath day. Let us rejoice on this festival of Matzot. For You, Hashem, are good and do good for everyone, and we thank You for the land and for the fruit of the vine. Blessed are You, Hashem, for the land and for the fruit of the vine. In the congregation of the myriads of Your people, the family of Israel, Your name will be glorified, our King, in each and every generation. For this is the duty of all creations before You, Hashem our G-d and G-d of our ancestors: to thank and praise and glorify You beyond all the words of the songs and praises of David, Your anointed servant. May Your name be praised forever, our King, Great and holy divine King in the heavens and the earth. For You is fitting, Hashem our G-d and G-d of our ancestors, song and exaltation, praise and melody, might and power, eminence, greatness, strength, praise, glory, holiness, sovereignty, blessings and thanks from now and for all eternity. Blessed are You, Hashem, divine King worthy of praise and thanksgiving, Master of wonders who chooses melodious songs, Royal G-d who endures forever. Fourth Cup Drink the fourth cup of wine while leaning to the left. ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם ב ור א פ ר י ה ג פ ן Blessed are You, Hashem, our G-d, King of the universe, creator of the fruit of the vine. Moses sent 12 spies, each one representing one of the 12 tribes of Israel, to scout the land that G-d promised to the Israelites. They came back with a cluster of grapes so large that two men were needed to carry the grapes between them. Book of Numbers Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, bo-rei p'ree ha-ga-fen: 79 78

13 Kotel Jerusalem Some Things To Remember About Israel And Judaism: Tower of David Jerusalem Ancient map of Jerusalem in mosaic It is manifestly right that the scattered Jews should have a national center and a national home and be reunited, and where else but in Palestine, with which for 3,000 years they have been intimately and profoundly associated. Winston Churchill, 1921 Ancient city of Beit She an Ancient ruins of Masada Negev Desert Cave of the Patriarchs Hebron City of Tiberias on the shores of the Galilee Mystical streets of Safed Port city of Jaffa A 3,000-Year Connection Israel has been the Jewish homeland for over 3,000 years. The Jewish people are indigenous to the Land of Israel. A Nation, a Religion, and a Culture The Jewish people are a nation, a religion, and a culture. Israel and Jewish identity are deeply interconnected. International Acceptance The reestablishment of a national home for the Jewish people in their ancestral homeland was accepted by the League of Nations in In 1947 the United Nations passed a resolution calling for the establishment of a Jewish state in the Land of Israel. On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence. On May 11, 1949, Israel was admitted as the 59th member of the United Nations. Modern Cities are Ancient Many of Israel s modern cities date back hundreds or thousands of years. Some of these include: Jerusalem 1000 BCE, Tiberias around 20 CE, and Tsfat late 15th century. Size and Numbers Matter Israel s land mass is about 1/800 the size of the Middle East. Israel is 8,019 square miles and smaller than New Jersey. Israel can fit into California 20 times and into France 31 times. In 1948, the 160,000 Palestinian Arabs who remained within Israel's borders became full citizens. Today, 1.8 million Arabs are Israeli citizens, as are 6.4 million Jews. There are 350 million Arabs living in 22 Arab states. Imagine Peace Israelis and Jews around the world seek and dream of peace for both their children and the children in Israel's neighboring countries

14 L'sha-nah Ha-ba-ah B'Yeru-sha-layim! If I forget you, O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget [its skill]. May my tongue cling to my palate, if I do not remember you, if I do not bring up Jerusalem at the beginning of my joy. Psalms 137: 5 6 Ten measures of beauty descended to this world. Nine were given to Jerusalem and one to the rest of the world. Talmud, Kiddushin 49b The glory of the world is Eretz Israel; the glory of Eretz Israel is Jerusalem; the glory of Jerusalem is the Holy Temple. Ramban (Nachmanides) 1268 An ox came and drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. Had Gadya, Had Gadya! A butcher came and slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. Had Gadya, Had Gadya! The angel of death came and slaughtered the butcher who slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. Had Gadya, Had Gadya! Then the Holy One, Blessed be He, came and slaughtered the angel of death who slaughtered the butcher who slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. Had Gadya, Had Gadya! ו א ת א ת ור א. ו ש ת א ל מ י א. ד כ ב ה ל נ ור א. ד ש ר ף ל ח וט ר א. ד ה כ ה ל כ ל ב א. ד נ ש ך ל ש ונ ר א. ד א כ ל ל ג ד י א. ד ז ב ן א ב א ב ת ר י ז וז י ח ד ג ד י א ח ד ג ד י א. ו א ת א ה ש וח ט. ו ש ח ט ל ת ור א. ד ש ת א ל מ י א. ד כ ב ה ל נ ור א. ד ש ר ף ל ח וט ר א. ד ה כ ה ל כ ל ב א. ד נ ש ך ל ש ונ ר א. ד א כ ל ל ג ד י א. ד ז ב ן א ב א ב ת ר י ז וז י ח ד ג ד י א ח ד ג ד י א. ו א ת א מ ל א ך ה מ ו ת. ו ש ח ט ל ש וח ט. ד ש ח ט ל ת ור א. ד ש ת א ל מ י א. ד כ ב ה ל נ ור א. ד ש ר ף ל ח וט ר א. ד ה כ ה ל כ ל ב א. ד נ ש ך ל ש ונ ר א. ד א כ ל ל ג ד י א. ד ז ב ן א ב א ב ת ר י ז וז י ח ד ג ד י א ח ד ג ד י א. ו א ת א ה ק ד וש ב ר ו ך ה וא. ו ש ח ט ל מ ל א ך ה מ ו ת. ד ש ח ט ל ש וח ט ד ש ח ט ל ת ור א. ד ש ת א ל מ י א. ד כ ב ה ל נ ור א. ד ש ר ף ל ח וט ר א. ד ה כ ה ל כ ל ב א. ד נ ש ך ל ש ונ ר א. ד א כ ל ל ג ד י א. ד ז ב ן א ב א ב ת ר י ז וז י ח ד ג ד י א ח ד ג ד י א